Transponders or Tags differentiate itself through different frequency ranges. Basically we classify into four kinds:
- Low Frequency < 135 KHz
- High Frequency 13,56 MHz
- Ultra High Frequency 860-930 MHz
- Microwaves 2,45 GHz
An important criteria for choosing a RFID system is the frequency band on which the RFID reader communicates with the transponder or tag. It is necessary that you pay attention that your new RFID system does not interfere with other radio systems. That is why RFID is operating on ISM(=Industrial, Scientifical, Medical) frequency bands. They are reserved for usage in medical, industrial and scientifical applications.
Die following table summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of the frequency bands:
| 100-135 KHz | |
| Advantages | Disadvantages |
- Use of low-cost passive transponders
- Good penetration of non-metallic objects, water and organic tissue
Standardisation through ISO 11784/85 - relatively impervious against metallic interferences
- Frequency band worldwide available
- High permitted transmission power
| - Wide range of available transponder construction forms (high convolution of the coiled anntenna)
Small data capacity - Slow data transfer
|
| 13,56 MHz | |
| Advantages | Disadvantages |
- Use of low-cost passive transponders
- Standardisation through ISO 15693, Part 1-3
- High data capacity
- average data transfer speed ( 26 kBit/s)
- Frequency band worldwide available
| - High attenuation through metallic environments
- Reading distance limited through legal regulations
- Longer read distances can be achieved through bigger form factors of the antenna
|
| 869, 915 MHz | |
| Advantages | Disadvantages |
- Long distances
- Simple antenna design
- cost-efficient
- Standardisation (EPC - Electronic Product Code)
| - weak penetration through water and organic tissue
|
| 2,45 GHz | |
| Advantages | Disadvantages |
- High data transfer speed
- long reading distances
| - Large form factors
- High prices
- Life is limited through battery power
- battery
- no standardisation
|
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